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<p><font size="5"><b>Vient de paraître, </b></font><font size="5"><b>avec
un chapitre sur l'ISTEAH et la Cité du savoir:</b></font><br>
</p>
<p><font size="6"><b><a
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Appropriate Technologies for International Development
(e-elgar.com)</a><br>
</b></font></p>
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inherit;">Innovation and Appropriate Technologies
for International Development series</span></h1>
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<h3 class="category-editors" style="box-sizing: inherit;
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margin: 0.7em 0px; font-family: fieldwork, sans-serif;
color: rgb(15, 45, 83); font-style: normal; max-width:
70%;">Series editors; Philippe Régnier, University of
Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Switzerland,
with Daniel Frey, Research Director, Development-Lab,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, US,
Koshy Varghese, Professor of Civil Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology-Madras (IITM) Chennai, India,
Samuel Pierre, Full Professor, Director of the Mobile
Computing and Networking Research Laboratory (LARIM),
Department of Computer and Software Engineering,
Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada and Pascal
Wild, Professor, School of Management Fribourg,
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland
(HES-SO)</h3>
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style="box-sizing: inherit; border-style: none;
border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; margin:
0px; padding: 0px;">Since the late 20th century,
a rapid expansion of entrepreneurship and
innovation has been taking place in the
developing world, and especially in emerging
countries. Appropriate technology refers to
innovation and its applications, both in the
formal and informal economy. It is generally
viewed as accessible, affordable, and user
friendly. It matches local environments and
sustainable impact development needs, in
particular limited human, technical and
financial resource capacities, and thus
contrasts with capital-intensive technology and
high-tech transfer strategies led by
industrialized countries. Advocates of
alternative and people-centered technologies
introduced the concept of appropriate
technologies in the 1960s–1970s. Since the late
1990s, this concept has evolved in several
directions including low cost and robust
innovation, reverse or simplified technology,
open access innovation, impact investment,
enterprise sustainability, crowdfunding and
start-ups. It has been even extended to the
notion of the simplest level of technology
targeting any intended development purpose. This
new series explores disruptive forms of
innovation producing appropriate technologies
for international development alongside
empirical analyses of various cases and
experiences in manufacturing or services. The
series also contains various materials, which
can be used for teaching and training both in
developed and emerging countries.</div>
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