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<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><b><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#C00000;mso-fareast-language:
FR-CA">La Presse, Montréal, samedi 6 avril 2024 </span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><a href="https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/editoriaux/"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Éditoriaux
</span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><b><span
style="font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:
FR-CA">Ce qu’on peut faire d’utile pour Haïti </span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><a
href="https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/editoriaux/2024-04-06/ce-qu-on-peut-faire-d-utile-pour-haiti.php?fbclid=IwAR2Q0s-01ksifk7Ux0iP8pSdxL5wx51cOrexBmPa8-IMcC6jZS7qn5K0s20_aem_AUzWpTdLJroU4U4YrobNtqshwsFzGOEgfJhv0L0bjHQSTu1SvplLqf-nDzMWDzNtffA"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/editoriaux/2024-04-06/ce-qu-on-peut-faire-d-utile-pour-haiti.php?fbclid=IwAR2Q0s-01ksifk7Ux0iP8pSdxL5wx51cOrexBmPa8-IMcC6jZS7qn5K0s20_aem_AUzWpTdLJroU4U4YrobNtqshwsFzGOEgfJhv0L0bjHQSTu1SvplLqf-nDzMWDzNtffA</span></b></a><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">
</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><a href="https://www.lapresse.ca/auteurs/stephanie-grammond"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Stéphanie
Grammond La
Presse </span></a><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Si
l’on
se fie à l’auteur Dany Laferrière, les Haïtiens ne seront jamais
à court
d’espoir. « Ils sont tellement habitués à chercher la vie dans
des
conditions difficiles qu’ils porteront l’espérance jusqu’en
enfer »,
écrivait le membre de l’Académie française dans <i>Tout bouge
autour de moi</i>,
après le séisme de 2010 qui a fait plus de 200 000 victimes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">De
l’espoir, il en faut beaucoup aujourd’hui, alors que le pays
s’écroule
politiquement et économiquement.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Cette
semaine, un ballet d’hélicoptères s’affairait à évacuer les
ressortissants
canadiens, pendant que les 11,5 millions d’Haïtiens continuent
de vivre
dans la peur des gangs qui contrôlent environ 80 % de la
capitale
Port-au-Prince.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Après
avoir libéré plus de 4000 bandits de prison, ces gangs fédérés
par Jimmy
Chérizier, alias Barbecue, ont attaqué les commissariats de la
Police nationale
d’Haïti, trop faible pour rétablir l’ordre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">La
population se réveille la nuit au son des coups de feu et trouve
des cadavres
dans la rue au petit matin. L’aéroport est fermé depuis un mois.
Les hôpitaux
et les écoles sont en déroute. Même la Bibliothèque nationale a
été pillée
cette semaine.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Que
peut-on faire pour aider Haïti ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Le
plus
utile, pour la communauté internationale, serait d’admettre
qu’elle a joué un
rôle dans ce drame, répond Michaëlle Jean, ancienne gouverneure
générale du
Canada et ex-secrétaire générale de la Francophonie.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Des
centaines de millions en « réparations » que la France a forcé
son ancienne colonie à payer, après l’indépendance de 1804,
jusqu’à
l’occupation du pays par les Américains, il y a eu « une
obstination à
faire que le pays ne s’en sorte pas », explique-t-elle.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Force
est
de constater que la recette de l’aide étrangère des dernières
décennies a été
un cuisant échec. Mettre un couvercle sur la marmite en envoyant
des troupes
étrangères, pour ensuite organiser des élections en pensant que
ce sera
suffisant pour rétablir une démocratie durable, c’était comme
mettre un
pansement sur un cancer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">En
plus
d’apporter le choléra en Haïti, les troupes étrangères ont
offert une clientèle
en or aux grandes familles haïtiennes qui fournissent logement,
véhicule,
essence, nourriture… Or, cette élite qui contrôle l’économie est
aussi liée aux
« gangs criminels armés », au « blanchiment d’argent » et à
d’autres « actes de corruption », selon le gouvernement canadien
qui
a distribué les sanctions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Infantiliser
Haïti ne mène nulle part. Mais prôner des « solutions
haïtiennes » ne
doit pas être une manière hypocrite d’abandonner le pays à son
sort.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Avec
le
bon dosage, le Canada pourrait jouer un rôle clé, en s’appuyant
sur sa forte
diaspora qui crée déjà des ponts naturels pour soutenir son pays
d’origine.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Ottawa
peut exercer un leadership international, comme Brian Mulroney
l’avait fait
pour lutter contre l’apartheid en Afrique du Sud. Il peut se
distinguer des
États-Unis, comme Jean Chrétien l’avait fait en refusant de
participer à
l’invasion de l’Irak.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Par
où
commencer ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">En
premier lieu, il faut continuer d’appuyer la réforme de la
Police nationale d’Haïti,
la seule force de l’ordre du pays, qui n’a pas d’armée. Le
Canada a annoncé
des millions. Mais au-delà des communiqués de presse, il faudra
voir si
les agents sur le terrain sont mieux équipés et formés.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
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justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Cela
dit,
la police haïtienne n’y arrivera pas toute seule, même les
Haïtiens les plus
nationalistes le reconnaissent. C’est pourquoi il faut espérer
que la mission
internationale autorisée par l’ONU en octobre apportera au plus
vite son appui
tactique – ce qui est très différent des missions antérieures.
Plus on
tarde, plus les gangs renforcent leur emprise.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Mais,
dans le vide politique actuel, on peut quand même reconnaître
les récentes
avancées, si fragiles soient-elles. À la mi-mars, un comité de
transition
présidentiel a été mis en place, pour prendre le relais du
premier ministre en
exil Ariel Henry et tracer la voie d’une sortie de crise.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Constitué
de sept membres et deux observateurs d’horizons variés, le
comité a
certainement plus de légitimité que M. Henry, dont l’arrivée au
pouvoir, à
la suite de l’assassinat du président Jovenel Moïse, n’avait
rien de très
démocratique.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Reste
à
voir si les membres du nouveau comité sauront s’élever au-dessus
de leurs
intérêts personnels et se montrer à la hauteur des attentes
immenses de la
population. Le défi est titanesque : les fondations du pays sont
à
reconstruire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Faut-il
revoir la Constitution ? Éliminer le Sénat, haut lieu de
corruption ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Comment
réformer le système de justice affaibli ? Devrait-on mener une
commission
de vérité et réconciliation pour faire la paix avec le passé ?
Le fait que
Jean-Claude Duvalier ait pu rentrer d’exil pour finir ses jours
en Haïti a
envoyé un mauvais signal d’impunité. Si l’ancien dictateur n’est
pas jugé pour
ses crimes, qui le sera ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Justice,
santé, éducation… Dans bien des domaines, le Canada a une
expertise qui
pourrait être mise à la disposition d’Haïti. Cela se fait déjà
de façon
naturelle, grâce à la diaspora.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Un
très
bel exemple : après le séisme de 2010, le professeur de
Polytechnique
Montréal Samuel Pierre a fondé, près de Cap-Haïtien, une
université qui permet
aux jeunes d’accéder aux cycles supérieurs, de décrocher une
maîtrise ou un
doctorat, grâce à des professeurs de la diaspora qui enseignent
bénévolement, à
distance<sup>1</sup>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Aider
Haïti à former et à garder des cerveaux. Agir en région, là où
les bandits ne
font pas encore la loi.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA">Multiplions
ce genre d’initiatives et, comme le dit Samuel Pierre, « gardons
espoir
que le pays aura le destin qu’il mérite ».</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA"> </span></p>
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